This week’s words all have vaguely to do with survival. As always, definitions have been liberated from Dictionary.com.
diuturnity \di`u*tur”ni*ty\, n. [L. diuturnitas.] Long duration; lastingness
heeltap \Heel”tap`\, n. 1. A small portion of liquor left in a glass after drinking. 2. A layer of leather or wood added to raise the heel of a shoe; a lift.
surplusage \sur”plus*age\, n. 1. Surplus; excess; overplus; as, surplusage of grain or goods beyond what is wanted. 2. (Law) Matter in pleading which is not necessary or relevant to the case, and which may be rejected.